2,358 research outputs found
SNP-Based Mapping of Crossover Recombination in \u3cem\u3eCaenorhabditis elegans\u3c/em\u3e
Caenorhabditis elegans is an important experimental organism for the study of recombination during meiosis. Here, we provide methods for the use of single-nucleotide polymorph isms (SNPs) for the study of crossing over in C. elegans
Present and future of surface-enhanced Raman scattering
The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article
Can the plasma PD-1 levels predict the presence and efficiency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma?
Background: The immune response in melanoma patients is locally affected by presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), generally divided into brisk, nonbrisk, and absent. Several studies have shown that a greater presence of TILs, especially brisk, in primary melanoma is associated with a better prognosis and higher survival rate. Patients and Methods: We investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the correlation between PD-1 levels in plasma and the presence/absence of TILs in 28 patients with metastatic melanoma. Results: Low plasma PD-1 levels were correlated with brisk TILs in primary melanoma, whereas intermediate values correlated with the nonbrisk TILs, and high PD-1 levels with absent TILs. Although the low number of samples did not allow us to obtain a statistically significant correlation between the plasma PD-1 levels and the patients' overall survival depending on the absence/presence of TILs, the median survival of patients having brisk type TILs was 5 months higher than that of patients with absent and nonbrisk TILs. Conclusions: This work highlights the ability of measuring the plasma PD-1 levels in order to predict the prognosis of patients with untreated metastatic melanoma without a BRAF mutation at the time of diagnosis
From Design to Production Control Through the Integration of Engineering Data Management and Workflow Management Systems
At a time when many companies are under pressure to reduce "times-to-market"
the management of product information from the early stages of design through
assembly to manufacture and production has become increasingly important.
Similarly in the construction of high energy physics devices the collection of
(often evolving) engineering data is central to the subsequent physics
analysis. Traditionally in industry design engineers have employed Engineering
Data Management Systems (also called Product Data Management Systems) to
coordinate and control access to documented versions of product designs.
However, these systems provide control only at the collaborative design level
and are seldom used beyond design. Workflow management systems, on the other
hand, are employed in industry to coordinate and support the more complex and
repeatable work processes of the production environment. Commercial workflow
products cannot support the highly dynamic activities found both in the design
stages of product development and in rapidly evolving workflow definitions. The
integration of Product Data Management with Workflow Management can provide
support for product development from initial CAD/CAM collaborative design
through to the support and optimisation of production workflow activities. This
paper investigates this integration and proposes a philosophy for the support
of product data throughout the full development and production lifecycle and
demonstrates its usefulness in the construction of CMS detectors.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure
Environmental aspects of innovation and new technology implementation in metallurgy industry
European metallurgy industry has to invest in innovations and new technologies in order to remain competitive on the world market. Because very often this action leads to limitation of the negative impact upon the environment,that is why lots of innovations implemented by iron and steel industry bear the features of environmental innovations and eco-innovations in metallurgy industry. The analysis of the environmental innovations and eco-innovations implementation in metallurgy industry, in terms of legal regulations in the environmental protection and the strategy area of sustainable development of enterprises, is the subject matter of this article
Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamics of Pre-Core Collapse: Oxygen Shell Burning
By direct hydrodynamic simulation, using the Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM)
code PROMETHEUS, we study the properties of a convective oxygen burning shell
in a SN 1987A progenitor star prior to collapse. The convection is too
heterogeneous and dynamic to be well approximated by one-dimensional
diffusion-like algorithms which have previously been used for this epoch.
Qualitatively new phenomena are seen.
The simulations are two-dimensional, with good resolution in radius and
angle, and use a large (90-degree) slice centered at the equator. The
microphysics and the initial model were carefully treated. Many of the
qualitative features of previous multi-dimensional simulations of convection
are seen, including large kinetic and acoustic energy fluxes, which are not
accounted for by mixing length theory. Small but significant amounts of
carbon-12 are mixed non-uniformly into the oxygen burning convection zone,
resulting in hot spots of nuclear energy production which are more than an
order of magnitude more energetic than the oxygen flame itself. Density
perturbations (up to 8%) occur at the `edges' of the convective zone and are
the result of gravity waves generated by interaction of penetrating flows into
the stable region. Perturbations of temperature and electron fraction at the
base of the convective zone are of sufficient magnitude to create angular
inhomogeneities in explosive nucleosynthesis products, and need to be included
in quantitative estimates of yields. Combined with the plume-like velocity
structure arising from convection, the perturbations will contribute to the
mixing of nickel-56 throughout supernovae envelopes. Runs of different
resolution, and angular extent, were performed to test the robustness of theseComment: For mpeg movies of these simulations, see
http://www.astrophysics.arizona.edu/movies.html Submitted to the
Astrophysical Journa
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Parametric testing of a DWPF glass
A series of tests has been performed to characterize the chemical stability of a DWPF borosilicate glass sample as part of the Waste Package Task of the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI) Project. This material was prepared at the Savannah River Laboratory for the purpose of testing the 165-frit matrix doped with a simulated nonradioactive waste. All tests were conducted at 90{sup 0}C using deionized water and J-13 water (a tuffaceous formation ground water). In the deionized water tests, both monoliths and crushed glass were tested at various ratios of surface area of the sample to volume of water in order to compare leach rates for different sample geometries or leaching times. Effects on the leach rates as a result of the presence of crushed tuff and stainless steel material were also investigated in the tests with J-13 water. 3 refs., 12 figs., 7 tabs
Integrated Design of Superconducting Magnets with the CERN Field Computation Program ROXIE
The program package ROXIE has been developed at CERN for the field computation of superconducting accelerator magnets and is used as an approach towards the integrated design of such magnets. It is also an example of fruitful international collaborations in software development.The integrated design of magnets includes feature based geometry generation, conceptual design using genetic optimization algorithms, optimization of the iron yoke (both in 2d and 3d) using deterministic methods, end-spacer design and inverse field calculation.The paper describes the version 8.0 of ROXIE which comprises an automatic mesh generator, an hysteresis model for the magnetization in superconducting filaments, the BEM-FEM coupling method for the 3d field calculation, a routine for the calculation of the peak temperature during a quench and neural network approximations of the objective function for the speed-up of optimization algorithms, amongst others.New results of the magnet design work for the LHC are given as examples
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